SAS is a highly efficient computer programming language widely used for data analysis. It provides: o Information storage and retrieval o Data modification o Report writing o Statistical analysis o File handling SAS provides procedural statements that can, with little knowledge of programming techniques, help you perform a wide range of data analysis. SAS is used in CA MICS to input data, edit it, create files, manipulate files, and produce reports. CA MICS reporting facilities (MICF and Q&R) generate SAS code in a logical, stepped approach that minimizes your need to understand SAS syntax. There will be times, however, when you want to go beyond standard facilities offered by the tools for common reporting and retrieval. Each of the tools can be extended with your own SAS statements so a rudimentary knowledge of terminology, common data access, and manipulation capabilities is most helpful. Since each tool produces SAS code, examining this code will help you understand the SAS language. SAS and CA MICS Terminology --------------------------- The basic unit of data in SAS is the data value. A data value is an individual measurement for a variable. For example, the variable named CPUTOBTM (CPU Total Busy Time) is the collection of all data values of the same name. An observation is a collection of data values associated with a key value, for example, SYSNAME in the example below. A SAS data set is a collection of observations of the same type. In CA MICS terminology, the SAS variable, observation, and data set equate to data element, record, and file respectively. A collection of SAS data sets is known as a SAS data library. In CA MICS, collections of files reside in z/OS data sets associated with the CA MICS database unit. The following example from the CA MICS HARCPU file illustrates the contents of a SAS data set or CA MICS file, with three observations for each of two entities: Obs SYSNAME ZONE CPUTOBTM CPUPCBSY ______________________________________________________ 1 CA03 1 22:20:25:86 4.71% 2 CA03 2 19:11:54:83 4.01% 3 CA03 3 12:23:53:80 2.96% 4 CA11 1 302:55:54:08 60.11% 5 CA11 2 273:59:43:99 54.36% 6 CA11 3 111:16:51:76 27.30% Macros, Macro Variables, and Formats in CA MICS Reporting --------------------------------------------------------- SAS code structures are provided during CA MICS installation and configuration. Depending on the desired outcome in data manipulation for reporting or data extraction, these structures may be of value. CA MICS is a generated system. Data describing the configured CA MICS system is generated in many forms during installation and configuration. CA MICS documentation reflecting your specific configuration is generated as well. In addition, SAS macros, SAS macro variables, and SAS formats are created. SAS macros, macro variables, and formats can also be created during reporting development. Generally these code structures are useful when reuse is expected, either within a single query or across queries. Macros and macro variables are created by the macro facility, which allows you to extend and customize the basic language by use of the macro language. The macro language syntax is similar but distinct from the basic SAS language. Macro language statements are interpreted by the macro processor, which compiles and executes the statements. Macros can generate SAS language statements, interface with other macros, create macro variables, and perform many other activities. Macro variables retain values until they are changed and are often used to communicate values as SAS code moves from one data step or procedure to another. SAS language format tells the language how to write a variable. In terms of CA MICS reporting, it refers to numeric and character formats written by CA MICS or user reporting code using "PROC formats." These formats allow easy and quick interpretation of input values, often returning values that will be placed in newly-created variables to use in your reporting. For example, you may want to interpret an input value representing a department number and return a more meaningful name.
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