address
A unique, digital identity assigned to each computer connected to a network.
DNS—see Domain Name Service
domain name
A Domain is part of a naming hierarchy in which the individual host names belong. A host's domain name is fully qualified when each portion of the naming hierarchy is specified to form its name. Each name within the hierarchy is separated by a dot.
Domain Name Service (DNS)
An Internet service that provides a translation of a host's Internet name to its Internet address.
host
A term used to refer to a computer connected to an IP Network. Each host is uniquely identified by its IP Network address. Additionally, a host can be identified by it host name.
host name
A label or mnemonic used to identify a computer in a more easily recognized form.
Internet
A large, worldwide "network of networks." The networks are interconnected, all sharing a common addressing scheme.
Internet Protocol (IP)
A connectionless protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks. IP acts as an intermediary between the higher protocol layers and the physical network.
IPv4 – Internet Protocol version 4
IPv4 address
A "dotted-decimal notation" networking address scheme used within an IP network. Each host connected to an IPv4 Network must have its own unique IP Address. The IPv4 Address is broken into parts. One part identifies the network (or subnet) address of which the particular host belongs. Another part of the IP Address identifies the specific host within that network.
IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6
IPv6 address
IPv6 is a 128-bit addressing scheme, as opposed to the 32-bit addressing scheme of IPv4, supporting a much higher number of addresses. IPv6 is backward compatible and is designed to fix the shortcomings of IPv4, such as data security and maximum number of user addresses. It also features other improvements over IPv4, such as support for multicast and anycast addressing.
IP address resolution
The process of mapping a computer's network interface IP address with its hardware, or MAC, address.
MAC—see Media Access Control
Media Access Control (MAC)
A unique address burned into a read-only memory (ROM) by the manufacture of a network interface card.
socket
An endpoint of that provides the means by which an application connects to an IP network.
stream
A series of bytes that is transmitted over a connection-based transport protocol such as TCP.
TCP—see Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP—see Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol
A data-transparent connection oriented transport protocol providing communications between two connected sockets. The TCP protocol defines the process by which data is transmitted in streams across the network. TCP provides for reliable data transfers by handling the acknowledgement of data received, retransmission of data if not properly acknowledged, preserving the sequence of data, and flow control.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
The two primary protocols within the Internet Suite of protocols. TCP/IP provided network connection between any computer systems, across varying network media.
Windows Sockets (WinSock)
An open interface or API for network programming used within a Windows environment.
Windows Socket API (WSA)
WSA provides a Windows application standard access to network services and underlying protocol stack.
WinSock—see Windows Sockets
WSA—see Windows Socket API
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