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The catalog system is organized in an inverted tree structure, with the master catalog at the top of the tree. In z/OS, the master catalog is always an Integrated Catalog Facility (ICF) catalog. It does not have to be located on the system residence (SYSRES) volume. You can find it by using the Catalog Display (2.6). The master catalog contains information about data sets and pointers to other catalogs. These catalogs, in turn, have data set information or still more pointers to more catalogs.
You can find three types of catalogs in a z/OS system. The master catalog (MCAT) is a required ICF catalog. You probably find only optional ICF user catalogs (UCATs) as well. z/OS requires that VSAM and non‑VSAM files are cataloged in the MCAT or a UCAT
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